Intervertebral Disc Disease

Deep pain perception is indicated by

Behavioural response to a painful stimulus

Withdraw of the limb after pinching a toe

Flexing all the joints in a limb after clamping toe with artery forceps

Contraction of the cutaneous trunci muscle after pinching skin

Surgical management of intervertebral disc disease is indicated

Deteriorating neurological status

Spinal pain that is not controlled with analgesia or recurs

Neurological deficits not improving

All of above

A grade 4 thoracolumbar spinal cord injury is

Ambulatory paraparesis

Non-ambulatory paraparesis

Non-ambulatory paraplegia

Paraplegia, neurogenic bladder

A grade 5 thoracolumbar spinal cord injury has

Loss of deep pain perception

Is a surgical emergency if due to intervertebral disc disease

Hopeless prognosis if road traffic accident or similar trauma

All of above

A nerve root signature is

Proprioceptive deficits due to cervical spinal cord disease

Pain when turning the head due to disc material being under nerve root

Lameness and limb pain due to nerve root disease

All of above

A dog is presented tetraparetic, weaker on the right. You pinch the toes of the right thoracic limb, and the dog fails to withdraw the limb. The right patella reflex is hyperactive. The lesion is

C1-C5

C5-T2

T3-L3

L4-S2

Which statement is most true about lumbosacral disc disease?

The presence of spondylitis on radiographs is a reliable indicator of disease.

Proprioceptive deficits are rare

Surgical management is recommended ASAP to prevent deterioration.

All of above

A neurogenic bladder should be managed with

At least twice daily bladder emptying by expression or catheter

Nothing – an automatic bladder will develop within 24 hours

Bethanechol to promote bladder detrusor contractions

Bethanechol and Prazosin in combination

Compared to non-chondrodystrophic dogs the nucleus pulposa in the Dachshund is

Smaller

Eccentric and more dorsal

Degeneration can be observed at 3-4 months and is complete at 1 year old

All of above

The disadvantage of conservative management of disc disease is

A high rate of recurrence

Higher chance of deterioration

Higher chance persistent neurological deficits

All of above

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Intervertebral Disc Disease