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Snake envenomation in Australia: The current state of play

  • VET WEBINAR
  • Snake envenomation in Australia: The current state of play
Lädt!
In combination with a consistent history and clinical signs, which of the following provides diagnostic evidence for envenomation by an Australian snake?
Increased creatine kinase
Prolonged activated clotting time
Positive snake venom detection kit test result
All of the above
 
When assigning an evenomated patient a respiratory score, which of the following is consistent with a score of D?
Moderately increased respiratory rate
Mildly increased respiratory rate
An unsustainable respiratory pattern at risk of imminent death
No evidence of respiratory compromise
 
Based on a recent publication about cats with elapid snake evenomation requiring mechanical ventilation, which of the following is correct?
The majority of cats were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation and survived to discharge
For all cats that needed ventilation it was apparent within the first 1 hour after presentation
All cats developed pneumonia which complicated their clinical course
The average duration of ventilation was 48 hours
 
Which of the following is true regarding venom induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) in dogs and cats?
The majority develop some form of clinical bleeding
Pulmonary haemorrhage affects 25% of cases
Haemorrhage is more common with tiger snake than brown snake envenomation
The majority do not develop clinically significant haemorrhage
 
According to published evidence, which of the following clinical signs is presentin ~50% of dogs envenomated with Red-bellied black snake but not Tiger or Brown snakes?
Tetraparesis
Megaesophagus
Swelling at the bite site
Anaemia
 
When treating a patient with antivenom which of the following is most appropriate regarding pre-treatment?
Adrenaline should be administered to prevent anaphylaxis
An antihistamine should be administered to prevent a type I hypersensitivity reaction
Glucocorticoids + an antihistamine provide the best protection against an allergic reaction
Pre-treatment is not recommended, but the patient should be closely monitored
 
Which of the following treatments is more likely to be indicated in dogs envenomated by tiger snakes and red-bellied black snakes than brown snakes?
Antivenom
Analgesia
Antibiotics
Mechanical ventilation
 
The end-point for antivenom treatment is?
Resolution or marked improvement of neuromuscular signs
Normalisation of clotting times
A negative SVDK on blood
The ideal end-point is not known
 
Based on published literature, which of the following is true regarding antivenom treatment?
One vial is always enough
>50% of patients require 2 vials of antivenom
Dogs are more likely than cats to receive 3 or more vials of antivenom
The rate of adverse events is dramatically increased when more than 1 vial is administered
 
With antivenom treatment the prognosis for survival to discharge following envenomation is?
>90%
>80%
>80% in dogs and >90% in cats
>50% in dogs and >60% in cats