How to influence the intestinal microbiome – from diet to fecal microbiota transplantation

Which bacteria is mainly responsible for converting primary into secondary bile acids?

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium hiranonis

Which answer is correct?

Probiotics can prevent gut dysbiosis caused by antibiotics, when given simultaneously

Concomitant administration of antibiotics and probiotics has no benefit

Probiotics can reduce clinical side effects of antibiotic treatment, but do not prevent dysbiosis in most cases

Concomitant administration of antibiotics and probiotics is contraindicated

Which answer is false

Diet can modulate the intestinal microbiome

Hypoallergenic diets can reduce dysbiosis in some dogs with food-responsive diarrhea

Dogs with moderate or severe clinical signs of chronic enteropathy always need additional antibiotic treatment

Hydrolyzed diets have been successfully used in dogs with chronic enteropathy, and should be part of the therapeutic approach

Which answer is correct

All fibers can be fermented by intestinal bacteria

Psyllium is a soluble fiber

Postbiotics can alter the microbiome composition by increasing specific bacterial strains

Probiotics provide nutrients to resident intestinal bacteria

What is the best diagnostic tool for intestinal dysbiosis in dogs?

Fecal dysbiosis index

Bacterial culture of feces

Plasma ammonia concentration

Fecal shotgun sequencing

Which one of the following is NOT a therapeutic option for modifying the intestinal microbiota?

Prebiotics

Probiotics

Cyclosporine

Fecal microbiota transplantation

Which metabolic consequence does a decrease of the abundance of C. hiranosis in the feces point to?

Failure to convert primary into secondary bile acids

Decreased conjugation of bile acids in the ileum

Increased bacterial metabolism of tryptophane

Decreased metabolism of uric acid

The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is

no problem if it causes no diarrhea

causing dysbiosis, often long lasting for several weeks to months

antibiotics have never side effects

no effect on antibiotic resistance patterns

What is correct about Clostridium perfringens

It is a common cause of diarrhea in dogs and cats

It requires specific treatment with antimicrobials

It can be increased in acute diarrhea but does not require specific treatment

It is not commonly found in dogs and cats

Which diet type should be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea

Highly digestible diet

Fiber-enriched diet

Hypoallergenic diet

All the above can be useful

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How to influence the intestinal microbiome – from diet to fecal microbiota transplantation