Running with Dogs

Which of the following zones are present in growth plates?

a. Proliferative zone

b. Hypertrophic zone

c. Reserve zone

d. Secondary ossification center

e. Resorptive zone

f. a, b and c

g. d and e

h. All of the above

Which of the following exercises has been associated with the development of hip dysplasia in puppies less than 3 months of age?

Playing outside

Sit to stand exercises

Climbing stairs

Leash walking for 15 minutes three times per day

Which of the following is true regarding articular cartilage?

Cartilage stiffness is directly related to Type II collagen content

Cartilage stiffness is directly related to proteoglycan content

Increased cartilage stiffness results in more concussive forces placed on the metaphyseal bone

Subchondral bone has no relevance to osteoarthritis

Which of the following is most true regarding research of the effect of running on articular cartilage?

Running more than 10 km per day on a treadmill results in softening of articular cartilage

Running for 10 km per day on a treadmill results in increased cartilage thickness and stiffness

Running for 40 km per day on a treadmill 5 days per week for 12 months results in cartilage erosions and osteophytes

Walking on a treadmill while carrying weight so that the animal is 130% of body weight for a lifetime results in moderate decreases in proteoglycan content and cartilage thickness

The distal femur and distal ulnar growth plates of dogs weighing25-30 kg close at approximately what age?

4 months

6 months

11 months

15 months

Which of the following statement is most true regarding exercising skeletally immature dogs?

Dogs should not have exercise until the growth plates are completely closed

Heavy training for agility competition may begin at 6 months of age

Jump training should be introduced at 7 months of age to load cartilage to a greater extent so that cartilage proteoglycan content and cartilage stiffness are increased

Jogging for 1-2 km per day is thought to be beneficial for 7 month-old dogs

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing osteoarthritis in a dog with no joint instability conditions?

Body condition score of 1/9

Body condition score of 8/9

Jogging on a treadmill for 10 km per day, 3 days per week

Playing outside with other dogs

Which of the following conditions may hasten the progression of osteoarthritis in dogs that are exercised by jogging 10 km per day?

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Hip dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia

All of the above

Although physeal changes related to overuse injuries have not been adequately described in dogs, radiographic changes similar to those that occur in children may occur, including:

Widening of the physis

Closure of the physis

Metaphyseal bone proliferation and callus formation that bridges the physis

Osteolysis and necrosis of the epiphysis

Which of the following is most true regarding exercise and growth plates?

Growth plate damage is common in dogs that begin regular low impact exercise at 6 months of age, resulting in premature closure of the growth plates

Excessive exercise in dogs that are 11 months of age may result in shorter limbs as a result of premature closure of growth plates

Heavily exercising dogs at 11 months of age will have no effect on limb length

Playing with littermates should be discouraged until puppies are at least 10 months of age to avoid damage to growth plates

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Running with Dogs