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Clinical Approach to Hypercalcaemia

Lädt!
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
The normal range for calcium in cats and dogs is quite wide.
Calcitriol is responsible for minute to minute control
The liver is a target organ related to calcium excretion
Parathyroid hormone is responsible for minute to minute control
 
Of the 1% total body calcium found available in the ECF, which of the following is not the ECF distribution?
Protein-bound
Ionised
Residing in the skeleton
Complexed to substrates such as sulfate and phosphate
 
Regarding calcium sampling, which of the following statements is correct?
Most accurate results are achieved after a fatty meal.
Aerobic conditions are preferred to ensure CO2 does not impact results.
Samples can only be serum and never with anticoagulant
Anaerobic conditions are preferred to ensure CO2 does not impact results.
 
Which of the following is a list of common clinical signs of hypercalcaemia?
Anorexia, lethargy and cardiac arrhythmias
Lethargy, acute kidney injury and death
Anorexia, weakness and PU/PD
Constipation, PU/PD and lethargy
 
Which of the following cancers are not known to cause hypercalcemia?
Lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Anal sac adenocarcinoma
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
 
In hypervitaminosis D, hypercalcaemia results from:
Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
Decreased renal excretion of calcium
Decreased intestinal absorption of calcium
Increased renal excretion of calcium
 
Which of the following toxins are associated with hypercalcaemia secondary to hypervitaminosis D
The plant species Lilium
Psoriasis creams
Lanolin creams
Vitamin K rodenticides
 
A calcium crisis requiring urgent medical intervention is required above which ionised calcium range in dogs and cats, respectively?
Cat >1.45mmol/l and Dog > 1.88mmol/l
Cat >1.75mmol/l and Dog > 1.88mmol/l
Cat >1.85mmol/l and Dog > 1.78mmol/l
Cat >1.75mmol/l and Dog > 1.78mmol/l
 
Which would be a reasonable initial fluid therapy plan in a dog with no cardiac disease and an ionised calcium of 1.93mmol/l
0.9% NaCl at 2-3 x maintenance rates
Fluid therapy not indicated, offer per os
0.9% NaCl at maintenance rates
Lactated Ringers at maintenance rates
 
Salmon calcitonin can have adverse effects when used and can include:
Vomiting and anorexia
Diarrhoea and vomiting
Tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias
Hypokalaemia