Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (for Nurses)

The occurrence of surgical site infections is dependent on an equation between the surgical site, the patient and

The amount of tissue injury occurring during the intervention

The amount and virulence of the bacteria present in the wound

The hosts susceptibility and defence mechanisms

The presence of foreign material and antimicrobials in the wound

All of the above

None of the above

When preparing a surgical site it is important

To preferably shave the skin

Make sure no hairs are left behind as they harbour bacteria

To allow for the antiseptic used to have sufficient contact time with the skin

To have at least three rounds of soap then alcohol

To scrub vigorously so the antiseptic can have a good contact with the skin

Different antiseptics have different spectra of activity, which one of these statements is false

Alcohol has a very fast mode of action against bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi and viruses

The activity of chlorhexidine at 2% is excellent against gram negative bacteria

Iodine compounds have an excellent activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria

Phenol derivates only have a fair activity against mycobacteria, fungi and viruses

In the choice of drapes, several criteria are important. Which of the following is false?

Reusable drapes are an inferior barrier than single use non-woven drapes .

Pure plastic drapes should not be used due to the occurrence of substantial increase of bacterial regrowth under plastic drapes

Incise film are recommended particularly for orthopaedic procedures as they provide a good barrier against bacteria.

Standard household washing machines are not adequate for processing surgical textiles

Use of procedure packs has many advantages amongst which a higher sterility safety

The use of sterile gloves in surgery cannot be debated anymore, yet glove perforation or glove contamination can occur. Which of the following measure(s) is true related to surgical gloving.

Double gloving significantly reduces perforations of the inner glove and it is best to change the outer glove after 60 minutes of procedure as those become significantly contaminated

Glove punctures only occur during orthopaedic surgeries

The use of a no touch technique has shown not to reduce the amount of glove perforations

The use of powdered gloves has advantages in donning and surgical hygiene.

Which of the following factors has not bene shown to significantly / with high evidence relate to the development of SSI?

Duration of the anaesthetic procedure

Presurgical hand asepsis

Surgical site preparation techniques

Surgical site surveillance programs

Operating theatre etiquette

Time in procedure is a factor that consistently links to risks of development of SSI. Which of the following factors can contribute to increased or reduced procedure time?

Better surgical planning

Experience of the nursing team

Coordination with imaging needs/team

The availability of instruments

Delivery of disposal

All of the above

In a study evaluating the need for prolonged antimicrobial use following orthopaedic surgeries in small animals, the most important message from investigation was (what is true)

There is a necessity to provide antibiotics following a surgery for longer period to reduce SSI

Animals that don’t receive antibiotics post postoperatively have 84% more chance to get an infection

Without antibiotics animals will have 172% more chance to get infected

Good coordination in preparation of surgery is primordial since time spent under anaesthesia is hugely correlated with increased risk of infection

The 2% increased risk of infection per minute of surgery time can be compensated by use of antimicrobials

Different textbooks and guidelines provide information on surgical site preparation and SSI prevention methods. Most clinics have guidelines. What is true

Most human and veterinary surgical teams comply with recommended guidelines

Nonsterile contact with the surgical field occurs on regular basis following preparation of the site

Hand asepsis timing and method is followed properly in veterinary medicine

Better, more intensive lead to less infections.

Compliance with hygiene measures is generally good

Compliance with surgical site prevention guidelines is difficult to achieve. Which of the following statement(s) is true?

SSI prevention is a multidisciplinary action

SS prevention requires multimodal interventions

SSI prevention is not only the task of the surgeon, but of the entire healthcare structure.

SSI prevention requires ownership of all involved in their role

All of the above

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Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (for Nurses)